Jackson

Jackson, officially the City of Jackson, is the capital of and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The city had a population of 153,701 at the 2020 census, down from 173,514 at the 2010 census. Jackson is the anchor for the Jackson metropolitan statistical area, the largest metropolitan area completely within the state. With a 2020 population estimated around 600,000, metropolitan Jackson is home to over one-fifth of Mississippi's population. The current slogan for the city is "The City with Soul". It has had numerous musicians prominent in blues, gospel, folk, and jazz. The region that is now the city of Jackson was historically part of the large territory occupied by the Choctaw Nation. The area now called Jackson was obtained by the United States under the terms of the Treaty of Doak's Stand in 1820. After the treaty was ratified, American settlers moved into the area, encroaching on remainingChoctaw communal lands. Today, most of the state's Native Americans live in several majority-Indian communities. The largest community is located 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Jackson on the Natchez Trace trade route, used by European settlers, by Native American settlers, and by European American settlers. The state's first European American settler was LeFleur's Bluff, a French-Canadian trader, who opened the area for non-Native American settlers in the late 18th century and early early 19th century.

History

Jackson is the primary city name, but also Byram are acceptable city names or spellings, Jax, Jksn, Jxn on the other hand no longer accepted or obsolete and are no longer used as a designation. The official name is City of Jackson. The region that is now the city of Jackson was historically part of the large territory occupied by the Choctaw Nation. The area now called Jackson was obtained by the U.S. under the terms of the Treaty of Doak's Stand in 1820. The Mississippi General Assembly decided in 1821 that the state needed a centrally located capital (the legislature was then located in Natchez) The city's first European American settler was Louis LeFleur, a French-Canadian trader. The capital was named for General Andrew Jackson, to honor his (January 1815) victory at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. Jackson was first connected by railroad to other cities in 1844. Unlike other cities not located on the Mississippi River, Jackson did not develop during the antebellum era as those cities did from the construction of major railroad lines. City blocks have been developed rather than maintained as green space. The state legislature first met in Jackson on December 23, 1839. In 1839, the Mississippi Legislature passed the first state law in the US. to permit women to own and administer their own property and to permit them to marry. The city was originally planned, in April 1822, by Peter Aaron Van Dorn in a "checkerboard" pattern advocated by Thomas Jefferson. The name for the locale was Chisha Foka. The largest community is located in Choctaws 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Jackson. It is called "The City of Jackson" today.

Geography

Jackson sits atop the extinct Jackson Volcano, located 2,900 feet (880 m) underground. The municipality is drained on the west by tributaries of the Big Black River and on the east by the Pearl River, which is 150 feet (46 m) higher. The city has a total area of 113.2 square miles (293.3 km²), of which 111.0 sq miles (287.6 km²) are land and 2.2 sq mi (5.7 km) are water. Jackson is located in a humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa). Rain occurs throughout the year, though the winter and spring are the wettest seasons, while September and October are usually the driest months. Snow is rare, and accumulation very seldom lasts more than a day. Average annual precipitation is 57.35 inches (1,457 mm), see climate table. Thunder is heard on roughly 70 days each year. Jackson lies in a region prone to severe thunderstorms which can produce large hail, damaging winds, and tornadoes. Among the most notable tornado events was the F5 Candlestick Park tornado on March 3, 1966, which destroyed the shopping center of the same name and surrounding businesses and residential areas, killing 19 in South Jackson. The record low temperature is 5 °F (21 °C), set on January 27, 1940, and the record high is 107 °C, last recorded August 30, 2000. In the 2010 census, only 622 of Jackson's residents lived in Madison County, and only 1 lived within the city limits in Rankin County.

Demographics

The 1850 census counted only 1,881 residents, and by 1900 the population of Jackson was still less than 8,000. In the early 20th century, Jackson had its largest rates of growth but ranked second to Meridian in Mississippi. By 1944, Jackson's population had risen to some 70,000 inhabitants, and it became the largest city in the state. It has maintained its position, achieving a peak population in the 1980 census of more than 200,000 residents in the city. Since then, Jackson has steadily declined in population, while its suburbs have boomed. This change has occurred in part due to white flight after the desegregation of public schools in 1970. With white demographic decline and white flight, its non-Hispanic white population has declined. In 2020, the city's median household income increased to $35,070; families had a median income of $44,348, married-couple families $74,893, and non-families $22,061. The per capita income for the city was $17,116. About 19.6% of families and 23.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.7% of those under age 18 and 15.7%) of those age 65 or over. In 2000, the median income for a household in theCity was $30,414, and the median Income for a family was $36,003. In 2010, the racial and ethnic makeup of the city is predominantly Black and African American, andNon-Hispanicwhite.

Crime

In 1993 Jackson had the nation's 12th highest homicide rate among cities with more than 100,000 residents. Of major U.S. cities, only St. Louis surpassed Jackson's homicide rate. In 2021, a record number of homicides were recorded - 155 - and at a rate of 101 per100,000 amongst the highest in the world. In late 2020, Police Chief James Davis along with the Mayor and other city leaders unveiled the virtual policing concept. After months of struggling to move the concept forward Chief Davis began discussions with Eric B. Fox, a veteran Jackson Police Officer to return to the department. Fox returned officially in January 2022 and launched a new concept, the Real Time Command Center. The new concept will be available to the public by the end of the year. It will provide a 24-hour virtual policing service for the city of Jackson and surrounding areas. The service will be free and available to all residents of the city and its surrounding counties. The cost of the service is $1.5 million per year for Jackson residents and $1 million for non-residents. The program will be rolled out to the rest of the country in 2019 and 2020. It is expected to be available in the United States and other countries. The concept will also be offered in Europe, Australia, Canada and the Middle East. In 2020, the city had a homicide rate of 79.69 homicides per 100,00 residents, with a total of 128 homicides. The homicide rate in 2020 represented a significant spike after years of declining homicide rates in the early 2000s. Property crime remains much lower than in the 1990s.

Economy

Jackson is home to several major industries. These include electrical equipment and machinery, processed food, and primary and fabricated metal products. The surrounding area supports the agricultural development of livestock, soybeans, cotton, and poultry. According to the city's government, its top three employers are the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson Public Schools, and Nissan North America as of 2020. Other notable corporations with a large presence in the city and area have included or currently include Amazon (in nearby Madison County), Burlington, and Walmart. The city isHome to Cooperation Jackson, which is an economic development vehicle for worker-owned cooperative business. The organization has led to the creation of several businesses including lawn care provider The Green Team, organic farm Freedom Farms, print shop The Center for Community Production, and The Balagoon Center. The center is a cooperative business incubator. It is based in Jackson, Mississippi, but also has offices in Oxford, Oxford, Hattiesburg, and Biloxi. It was founded in the 1970s by a group of business owners who wanted to create a more sustainable economy in the state. In the 1990s, Cooperation Jackson was formed to help grow the local economy. It has since grown to become one of the most successful economic development organizations in Mississippi. The group has helped create a number of businesses, including The Green team, Freedom Farms and The Center For Community Production. It also has an office in the town of Burlington, Mississippi. In 2008, it was the largest employer in Madison County, with more than 1,000 employees.

Arts and culture

Jackson is home to a number of cultural and artistic attractions, including the following: museums, galleries, theaters and restaurants. Jackson is also home to the Jackson Museum of Art, which houses works by Picasso, Van Gogh and other artists. The city is also known for its nightlife, including casinos, bars and nightclubs. Jackson has a reputation for being a great nightlife destination, especially in the summer. It also has a strong arts scene, with many galleries, museums and theaters in the city. It is also a well-known tourist destination, particularly in the arts and culture section of the city's tourism industry. In the city, there are many cultural attractions, such as museums and galleries, as well as nightlife and restaurants, including The Jackson Hotel and The Jacksons' Grill and Bar, and the Jackson Opera House.

Sports

The city of Jackson and its metropolitan area are home to collegiate and semi-professional sports teams. Major League Baseball's Atlanta Braves minor affiliate, the Mississippi Braves, plays in the area. Mississippi Brilla of USL League Two also operates in the region. The city is home to the University of Mississippi, which is a member of the NCAA Division I. It is also home to Mississippi State University, which plays in NCAA Division II. It also has a number of high school and college football teams. The area is also the home of the Mississippi Rebels, a semi-pro football team, and the Mississippi Bulldogs, a high school football team in the state's second-tier league, the South Mississippi Rebels. The Mississippi Braves play in the Mississippi River Valley Conference of the Southern Professional Baseball Association. They also have a minor league baseball team, the Mississippi Braves, in the Atlanta Braves' Southern Division. The town of Jackson has a population of more than 1,000,000. It has been home to several professional sports teams, including the Jackson Generals, the Jackson Generals and the Jackson Steamers, as well as several college teams, such as Mississippi State and Mississippi Tech. The Jackson-Jackson High School football team won the state championship in 2007 and 2008. It was the first time the school had won a state title in more than 30 years. The team also won a national championship in 2008 and 2009. The school's football team has won at least two league titles in each of the last three seasons.

Government and infrastructure

In 1985, Jackson voters opted to replace the three-person mayor-commissioner system with a city council and mayor. City council members are elected from each of the city's seven wards, considered single-member districts. The mayor is elected at-large citywide. The Mississippi Department of Corrections operates the Jackson Probation & Parole Office in Jackson. The larger portion of Jackson is part of Mississippi's 2nd congressional district. U.S. Representative Bennie Gordon Thompson, a Democrat, has served since 1993. The United States Postal Service operates Jackson's Main Post Office and several smaller post offices. The MDOC Central Mississippi Correctional Facility, in unincorporated Rankin County, is located in proximity to Jackson. Jackson's mayor is Chokwe Antar Lumumba (D). Who was elected on July 3, 2017. He has been the ranking member of the Committee on Homeland Security since 2011. He is also the chairman of the Mississippi House of Representatives' Homeland Security Committee. He was elected to a second term in November 2013. His term is expected to end in May 2015. He will be succeeded by Democrat Mary Landrieu, who was elected in November 2012. He served as mayor from 2008 to 2013. The City Council is made up of seven members, three of whom are African-American. Jackson has a population of more than 1,000,000. It is the largest city in Mississippi, with a population in excess of 1,200,000 people. The city has one of the highest crime rates in the state.

Education

Jackson Public School District (JPS) operates 60 public schools. Jackson State University is the largest collegiate institution in Jackson. Jackson Public Schools is the only urban school district in the state. The portion of Jackson in Madison County is within the Madison County School District. There are state-operated K-12 public schools for special purposes; some schools are in nearby municipalities. Jackson is home to the most collegiate institutions in Mississippi. It is also the only doctoral-granting research institution based in its region. In 2017 middle to upper-class families in Jackson tended to leave public school after elementary school, with parents who remained in Jackson enrolling their children in private school. The PPSJ decided circa the mid-2000s that it was not feasible to encourage middle and upper- class parents to put their kids in JPS schools. The district's high schools include:Christ Missionary & Industrial (CM&I) College High School High School, and Hillcrest Christian School. The public libraries of Jackson/Hinds County are the library system of Jackson. The Jackson Public Library System operates public libraries in Jackson, Hinds County, and the city of Hattiesburg. It operates public and private primary and secondary schools in Jackson and Hinds. It also operates private primary schools in Hinds and Hattiesport. It has a public high school in Jackson called Jackson High School. There is also a private high school for the deaf and blind called Mississippi School for the Deaf.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi = 67.3. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 20. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 40. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in Jackson = 5.3 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 153,701 individuals with a median age of 32.7 age the population dropped by -6.36% in Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 1,375.82 residents per square mile of area (531.21/km²). There are average 2.59 people per household in the 63,929 households with an average household income of $32,886 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 9.20% of the available work force and has dropped -5.18% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 20.44%. The number of physicians in Jackson per 100,000 population = 321.5.

Weather

The annual rainfall in Jackson = 49.2 inches and the annual snowfall = 1.4 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 104. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 211. 93 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 37.1 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 27, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi which are owned by the occupant = 50.36%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 39 years with median home cost = $90,390 and home appreciation of 1.44%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $7.73 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $4,352 per student. There are 18.6 students for each teacher in the school, 452 students for each Librarian and 417 students for each Counselor. 5.50% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 17.09% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 10.24% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).